ӵ 쿬 ǽѬ #1
Ἷ
ӵ
ԫ ӫѡ
1861(1862?).
ԫ ӫѡ
߬
ӫԫѮ
ѵ
߽, ѡٮ ѫ
١ ǽѬѴ ǽѬӫ (18291870), Ὣڿ ѡ߬ Ӭ
ǡ ǡ ӵ. ǽѬѮ ǽѬӫ Ҽ ᡫ 41 ,
ѡ Ὣԡ ( Կ ӿ Ѯ-߿ӫ Ӭ
߽ҪѽѮ .ӫ)
ɫ
1
Ҫ
ӵ ѡ ᮽ
2
Ҫ ӫԫѴ
ŴԿԫ߬ 諡Կ ᮽ
3
Ҫ ӫԫѴ
ŴԿԫ߬ ǽѬ ᮽ
[
1871.
]
[
1917.
]
ẫ
߬ ի
һѡ
1871
1876
߬߬ ի Ѽӿ
һѡ
1876
1883
߬߬ ի ǬѼ
һѡ
1883
1887
߽
.쿬 ѡߴ ѡ ᮽ, ӫѡ ŴԿԫ߬. ġ ٽ
ѡ. (ӫ ӿ ߬ Կ ٽ ѻ߿ӫ,
ѡ 諡Կ ŴԿԫ߬ ӫ߽ѡ ߽ ѡ ɫ߿߬)
Ҭѡ
Ѯ
1887
Ҫѡ
߬, Ҫ, ƿ߬ Ӭ ( Ӵ)
Ѯ
1887
ѡ
14
ߴ
11
1892
ѡ
22
ߴ
3
18891892. ٽ ᬫѽѼ үڿ Ӭ-ӿի߬ ެ
߬, ߡ Ӭ, ѫ߬ Ӭ ( ߿)
ѡ
1892
ѡ
23
ߴ
3
1892. ٽ ᬫѽѼ үڿ Ӭ-ӿի߬ ެ;
ѽѼ Ӭ-ӿի߬ ެ 2- ѽѡ 쿬߬ ߫ӫ (18941896.);
ѡ 諼߿ ӿ-߬ , 諼
ԫӿ-ԿԿ߬ ߬߬ ѻտ (1896.) ᬵ
諼߿ ߫ѡ (1896.); ѡ տ ߬. .
諡߿ԫӿ ( 1896.)
ẫ
߬߬ ѫ߬ Կ
1909
ѡ
13
ߴ
12
Ѽѡ ߫ ߽ҪѡѼ Ӭ ߴ ߬߬ ѫ߬ Կ.
1912. ߽ ݬѡ ڿ ᵿ
ѡ-ѫ
Ҫѡ
߬, ߡ Ӭ, ѫ߬ Ӭ ( ߿)
ѡ
1914
ѡ
8
ߴ
8
ٽ ѡ 諼 濡 (ӿѮ) ɿ ( 1909.);
ѻѽѼ ߬߬ ѫ߬ - ԫӿ ԫ
߬ ( . 1912.); ӿ Կ ạ ѡ
߬, ߬ , ի-ѡ߬ Ӭ
ӫԫѮ
䫽
ԫѽ
1914
ѡ
9
ߴ
8
1917
ѡ
15
ߴ
6
ԫ ӿ .쿬 Ӽӫߴ ڿߴ ѡٮ, ٻԿ
ԫӿ Ἣ ѻտ.
.쿬 ٽ ѡ ѽѮ ի ӫѡ.
ѽѼ Ӭ-ѫ߬ ѽ ԫ ,
ԫ Ѽ,
߿ ߫Կ, ү ߫ ߬߬ ѻտ
Ӭ-ѫ߬ ѽ. ѫ߬ Կ
Ѭ "ѫ ԫ ߬".
.쿬 ެ ѡ ӫ 翡 Ѯ.
߬ 1917. ߴ ҽ һԿ.
ٽ ٻѡ ԫӪ, Ҫѡ ӿ ߬ Կ
Դ һѡ. ԫԵ ߫ ҡ Ἷ ,
ӫ ѡ ӿ ӿի߬ Ӭ,
ѡ Ѽ
ߡٮ
諡
1917
ѡ
15
ߴ
6
ٽ ߫ Ѯ ѡ
ԫ
߬
ԫ իӫѡ
߬, ߬
.쿬 ެ ѡ ٽ Ѽ ԫӪἿ:
ū ӫ, ߿ߴ Ѽ .쿬 ԫ ԫ ҽ ,
ѽ. ūߴ ӫ, ԫټ ԫ ,
Ҫѡٮ ԫӫ ӫѡٮ , ԫٮ ٽ ߫߬ Ӽ.
ӫ߿ ѡ ӫ Ἷ ԫ ,
߬ ѡ ѡ ԫ ԫ, ԫ Ѻ
߬ ߫ ߬. 翡 ߫ӫԿѡ
. ū Ҽ ެ ѡѮ, ԫ ᴡ ߫ӫԿ,
Ѫ Ѯ ҡ Ҭ 翡, , ի Ӵ
, Ԭٽ ѽ . ѽ.
翡 ߫ Ѯ ӫ Ѯ ӽ Ѯ . ѽ
, ӿ: "ԫӿ, Ѽ!" Ԭٽ ԫ
ӿ ڿ... ӿѪὫ ߬ Ҫ Ἷ, ٽ
ѡ߬ ԫڿ. ԫ ѽߴ Կ ,
ӫի ӫ ... ѽ Ѫ Ӵ ӫԿ.
߬ Ӫ Ѻ ߬ү ԯ, ߬ ߫ ԫ
( 10000 ѽ.), Ἣ.
Ѭӫ, ѡ ἴԿ .쿬 ެ, ӿߴ:
"ūԿ ѡ߬ ! ѽ ҽӡ ߿,
ѽѮ ߬߬ իѡ, ԫٮ Ҫѡ Ӭ
Ҭ, ѡ, , ߬ ӿ
, Ѯ, ү . ѽѬ " "
ᡫ 56 , , Ѯ ѴѽԿ ԫѽ
ү , ߬ѡ, Ӵ ᬿѼٮ ӿիἿ , ѽ ߬,
Ѯ ѻտѮ."
"Ի ӫԫѴ 쿬 һ Ӭ ߬
߫ ѫ. , һڿ ߬߬ ӫѮ ߽ѡټ
իѡ ӿ ӫ ѡ ڿߴ, ߽ ԫ ٽ Ѫ
١ޡ ӿի ѽ Ѫѡ, ߬ԡ
߽Ҫ ӫ...ӵ. ūիӫѡ ٽ . ӿի ӿԫ
ἴԡ. ѽ ế ߫ѡ, ԫ ѽ ѡ߽Ҫѽ ٽ
߬ԫ, իԴ ӿ Կ ٽ . 30 Ӭ
տ ٽ ߫ѡ Ѽ տ . .. ӵ
߿ټ ӿ, տӿԫ ѡѼ ӫ. .. 櫬ټ,
.. ߯Կټ ., ӿ ѡ ի ߬ Ӭ. Ҫѡ ٽ
ӫѽ. Ѽ տ Ѭ ߫ԫ
Ӭ-ѫ߬ ѽ, ѡ ἴԿ ѽ.
ԫӿ ߬ ߬߬ ѻտ ӫ ӫԫѮ
.. ի."
.쿬 ެ ѡ ٽ իӫѡ ת ѡ
ի-ѡ߬ Ӭ ߬ . ū߽ Կ
ԡ ᡬ ٽ ѡѡ ߬ .
ᡴߴ ߡٮ .쿬, ӿѪ
Ѽ ѽ, .ѫ ūߵ, ѡ Ѽ ӿիἿ
Ӭ ѫ ߡ Ӭ
1.
"ӿ ߬ ߬߬ ѻտ XVIII .", ٻ߬.
2.
"ѫ ԫ ߬. Ѭ, ᡡ ߬. ѫ. - 19121913.". 1913
3.
"իѡ ߬߬ ѻտ XVII . ( Ҭߡټ ԫ)". 1916
ᵿ
1.
... ἴԿ Ӵ-Ҫѡ-ѡ// ߬߬ Ӭٮ . 1917. 30 . N 24. .34.
2.
߽ ߬ 19171921 / . .., Ӭ .., .., ӿ .. .: ѽ տ һѡ .߬, 2004. 696. .92,93,614.
(c) . ҽ